Dow Jones rises after retail sales data beat

The Dow Jones Industrial Average, one of the world’s oldest stock indices, is compiled from the 30 most traded US stocks. The index is weighted by price rather than capitalization. It is calculated by summing the prices of the constituent shares and dividing them by a factor, currently 0.152. The index was founded by Charles Dow, who also founded the Wall Street Journal. In subsequent years, it has been criticized for not being broadly representative enough, as it only tracks 30 conglomerates, unlike broader indices such as the S&P 500.

Many different factors determine the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). The aggregate performance of the component companies revealed in the company’s quarterly earnings reports is the main one. US and global macroeconomic data also contribute as they impact investor sentiment. The level of interest rates, set by the Federal Reserve (Fed), also influences the DJIA because it affects the cost of credit, on which many corporations depend heavily. Therefore, inflation can be a major factor as well as other indicators influencing the Fed’s decisions.

The Dow Theory is a method of identifying the primary trend of the stock market developed by Charles Dow. A key step is to compare the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA) and only watch for trends where both are moving in the same direction. Volume is a confirmation criterion. The theory uses peak and trough elements of analysis. Dow’s theory posits three phases of a trend: accumulation, when the smart money starts buying or selling; public participation, when the general public joins in; and distribution, when the smart money comes out.

There are several ways to trade the DJIA. One is the use of ETFs that allow investors to trade the DJIA as a single security, rather than having to buy shares in all 30 constituent companies. A prime example is the SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA). DJIA futures allow traders to speculate on the future value of the index, and Options provide the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the index at a predetermined price in the future. Mutual funds allow investors to buy one share of a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks, thereby providing exposure to the overall index.