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USD/INR recovers ahead of India’s WPI inflation and US retail sales data

  • The Indian Rupee (INR) is losing ground in the Asian session on Tuesday.
  • Renewed USD demand, higher oil prices undercut INR; growing expectations of deeper Fed rate cuts could limit its downside.
  • Indian WPI inflation and US retail sales data will be the main points later on Tuesday.

The Indian Rupee (INR) is falling on Tuesday, snapping a three-day winning streak. Robust demand for the US dollar (USD) from local importers, particularly oil companies, is weighing on the local currency. Further, recovery in crude oil prices could limit INR appreciation as India is the third largest oil consumer after the United States (US) and China.

However, firmer bets on Federal Reserve (Fed) rate cut, weaker greenback and significant foreign fund inflows into Indian equities could support INR appreciation. Investors will watch inflation, food and fuel reports from the Indian Wholesale Price Index (WPI) on Tuesday. On the US docket, retail sales will be released, which are expected to rise 0.2% in August, compared to a 1.0% increase in July.

Daily Digest Market Movers: Indian rupee looks vulnerable as traders await key events

  • Inflation India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is expected to ease to 1.80% y/y in August from 2.04% in July.
  • India’s economy is expected to grow at a rate of around 7.5% or more, according to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das. This projection is higher than RBI’s current forecast of 7.2% for the current financial year.
  • The US Empire State Manufacturing Index improved to 11.5 in September from a fall of 4.7 in August, better than the estimate of a 3.9% decline.
  • Fed funds futures show investors are increasingly betting that the US Fed will cut by 50 basis points (bps) instead of 25 bps. Traders are now pricing in a near 67% chance of a 50bps cut, up from 50% on Friday, according to the CME FedWatch tool.
  • “We were in favor of a 50 basis point cut, but the latest jobs and inflation numbers suggest officials are more likely to vote in favor of 25 basis points,” ING Bank analysts said.

Technical Analysis: USD/INR still maintains constructive bias

Indian rupee weakens on that day. According to the daily chart, the bullish outlook of the USD/INR pair remains intact as the price is holding above the 100-day exponential moving average (EMA). However, another downside cannot be ruled out as the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) is in bearish territory below the midline.

A decisive break above the 83.90-84.00 region, the resistance level turned support and psychological mark, could trigger another retracement to the immediate upside barrier around 84.50.

On the downside, the September 16 low at 83.82 acts as an initial support level for USD/INR. Any further selling below this level will expose the 100-day EMA at 83.64.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Indian Rupee

The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of crude oil (the country is heavily dependent on imported oil), the value of the US dollar – most trade is done in USD – and the level of foreign investment are all influential. Direct intervention of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in the foreign exchange markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are other major influencing factors on the rupee.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in the foreign exchange markets to maintain a stable exchange rate to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI is trying to maintain the inflation rate at the target of 4% by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the rupee. This is due to the role of “carry trade” where investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so that they place their money in countries that offer relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.

Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the rupee include inflation, interest rates, the rate of economic growth (GDP), trade balance and foreign investment flows. A higher growth rate can lead to more investment abroad, increasing demand for the rupee. A less negative trade balance will ultimately lead to a stronger rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates minus inflation) are also positive for the rupee. A risk-on environment may lead to higher foreign direct and indirect investment (FDI and FII) inflows, which also benefits the rupee.

Higher inflation, especially if it is comparatively higher than India’s, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, resulting in more rupees being sold to buy foreign imports, which is negative for the rupee. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates, and this can be positive for the rupee due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true for lower inflation.

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